Pacific Flyway HIP, 2025

Migratory Bird Harvest Information Program: Estimates of Harvest and Hunter Activity

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Division of Migratory Bird Management
Pacific Flyway Office
http://www.pacificflyway.gov

16 April 2026

Introduction

In 1992, the US Fish and wildlife Service (USFWS) and State Fish and Wildlife Agencies (States) established the Migratory Bird Harvest Information Program (HIP), which was fully operational nationwide by 1999. This cooperative State-Federal program requires licensed migratory game bird hunters to register annually in each state in which they hunt.

Each State is responsible for collecting the name, address, and date of birth from each migratory bird hunter, asking each of them a series of general screening questions about their hunting success the previous year, and sending this information to the USFWS. The States are also responsible for providing migratory bird hunters with proof of compliance to carry while they are hunting. The USFWS is responsible for using these data to conduct annual national migratory game bird hunter activity and harvest surveys.

This report presents hunter activity and harvest estimates from the HIP surveys for the 1999 to present hunting seasons with a focus on the Pacific Flyway. These estimates are preliminary, pending (1) final counts of the number of HIP registrants in each state each season, and (2) complete audits of all survey response data.

Also presented in this report are the waterfowl harvest estimates and age ratios in the waterfowl harvest from The Mail Questionnaire Survey (MQS), 1961 through 1998, which was conducted prior to HIP. Although we present time series estimates from the two different surveys together (1961 through present), we urge caution when making comparisons over time between estimates derived from each survey (MQS and HIP) as they are not directly comparable. We separate estimates in time-series plots with a red vertical line to indicate the change in survey methodologies.

Data Tables
Each data table represents a data asset and is uniquely numbered for ease of reference. See the table of contents for a list of available data tables. The data table number is the appropriate reference number for any figure or table produced for a data asset, particularly for questions and the supporting data. The sequential numbers assigned to each table and figure in this document is of no significance for reference and may change with each document update.

Time Series Statistics
Time series statistics are provided for each data table at the Pacific Flyway, Western Management Unit, or game bird population level. Statistics include the current year estimate, recent moving 3-year average (mean), long-term average (mean) prior to the most recent estimate, and percent change for the recent estimate compared to the long-term average (mean). Missing values in the time series statistics table means that the statistic is not estimable. In these cases, missing values were used rather than “N/A” for aesthetics in the statistics table. Time series statistics are not provided for the age and sex ratio data tables.

The seasonal harvest per hunter is estimated only at the state level and is not available at the flyway, population, or management unit scale, thus there are no time series statistics provided for these data tables.

Time Series Graphs
Time series graphs are provided for each data table at the Pacific Flyway, Western Management Unit, or game bird population level. Graphs include the annual estimates and variance if available. Trend lines are also presented including a smoothed (Loess model) line (blue) with 95% confidence interval (shaded area) fit to the annual estimates and a moving 3-year average (red line). Also provided is the long-term average (black line). Estimates during 1961-1998 are from MQS and 1999-present are from HIP and not directly comparable. Estimates from the two survey types are separated by a red vertical line.

The seasonal harvest per hunter is estimated only at the state level and is not available at the flyway, population, or management unit scales, thus there are no time series graphs provided for these data tables.

Technical Details
The HIP estimates are presented for each Pacific Flyway state in general, but may differ somewhat for waterfowl harvest, waterfowl age ratios, webless species harvest, and hunter participation and activity as described below.

Waterfowl Harvest
Waterfowl harvest estimates are provided for each state in the Pacific Flyway, each of the 4 flyways (Pacific, Central, Mississippi, and Atlantic), and the United States by hunting season. Four states are split between the Pacific and Central flyways: Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, and New Mexico. For those split-flyway states, only the Pacific or Central Flyway portions of those states are included in state and flyway totals. Total harvest in the Pacific Flyway includes all Pacific Flyway states (in whole or part) and includes Alaska.

Also provided is a bar graph showing the average (mean) annual harvest during the most recent 5-year period for each state and a color-shaded map indicating the proportion of the Pacific Flyway harvest that the 5-year average (mean) harvest in each state represents.

Waterfowl Age Ratios
Waterfowl age ratios (immatures per adult) and sex ratios (males per female) in the Pacific Flyway harvest are provided for each of the most common duck and goose species by hunting season. Age ratios were calculated using all known age or sex class birds for a species. Waterfowl age and sex ratios are reported only in cases were there are at least 20 samples for each age or sex class for a species and season. Also provided is a bar graph showing the average (mean) annual age or sex ratio during the most recent 5-year period for each species.

Webless Species Harvest
Harvest estimates for American coot, snipe, and gallinules are provided for each state in the Pacific Flyway, each of the 4 flyways (Pacific, Central, Mississippi, and Atlantic), and the United States by hunting season. Four states are split between the Pacific and Central flyways: Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, and New Mexico. For those split-flyway states, Montana is included in the Pacific Flyway in its entirety whereas Wyoming, Colorado, and New Mexico are included in the Central Flyway in their entirety. Total harvest in the Pacific Flyway includes all Pacific Flyway states in whole (except Wyoming, Colorado, and New Mexico) and includes Alaska. This is an artifact of the way these data are provided from HIP.

Harvest estimates for band-tailed pigeons, mourning doves, and white-winged doves are presented similarly to the other webless species above except that state aggregations are by population (band-tailed pigeons) or Management Unit (doves) rather than Flyway. States included in each Management Unit and Management Region are listed below.

Also provided for all webless species is a bar graph showing the average (mean) annual harvest during the most recent 5-year period for each state and a color-shaded map indicating the proportion of the Pacific Flyway, population, or Western Management Unit harvest that the 5-year average (mean) harvest in each state represents.

Western Management Unit:
Arizona, California, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, and Washington.

Central Management Unit:
Arkansas, Colorado, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, North Dakota, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming.

Eastern Management Unit:
Alabama, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, Wisconsin, and West Virginia.

Hunter Participation and Activity
Hunter participation (active hunters) and activity (hunting days afield and seasonal harvest per hunter) are reported for ducks, geese, and webless species for each state in the Pacific Flyway, game bird population, or Western Management Unit by season (except seasonal harvest per hunter is estimated only at the state level). Split-flyway states are treated the same as for webless species harvest. Hunting days afield per active hunter could be approximated by dividing total hunting days afield by total active hunters.

Also provided is a bar graph showing the average (mean) annual active hunters and hunter days afield during the most recent 5-year period for each state and a color-shaded map indicating the proportion of the Pacific Flyway (or population or Western Management Unit) active hunters and hunter days afield that the 5-year average (mean) in each state represents.

Data Access
All data and figures in this report may be downloaded for use from an online portal. Each table and figure is referenced by the data table number it is associated with. Contact the Pacific Flyway Office for the URL of the online portal.

Suggested Citations
Any use of or reference to the data provided in this report should be cited accordingly.

Pacific Flyway HIP:
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2025. Pacific Flyway HIP, 2025. U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Migratory Bird Management, Pacific Flyway Office, Washington D.C.

Original Data Source:
Raftovich, R. V., K. K. Fleming, S. C. Chandler, and C. M. Cain. 2025. Migratory Bird Hunting Activity and Harvest during Hunting Seasons. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Laurel, Maryland, USA.

Waterfowl Harvest Estimates

Data Table 1: Duck

Note that duck includes the species in data tables 2 through 22 (21 species).

Table 1. Duck harvest by season at the State, Flyway, and US scales, 1961-2024.

Season	AK	AZ	CA	CO	ID	MT	NV	NM	OR	UT	WA	WY	PF	CF	MF	AF	US
1961	NA	19,503	1,046,402	NA	194,390	54,844	22,996	NA	197,863	119,171	404,486	NA	2,059,656	769,458	1,653,549	474,862	4,957,525
1962	NA	19,211	957,326	9,830	161,625	32,993	25,182	1,343	231,193	114,297	373,703	8,850	1,935,552	416,692	1,059,038	471,621	3,882,902
1963	NA	26,466	1,459,136	13,715	243,475	61,478	55,396	5,527	251,555	236,069	464,515	9,253	2,826,586	990,296	2,389,604	610,220	6,816,706
1964	NA	40,328	1,246,055	20,280	249,967	43,946	73,343	2,712	231,642	165,868	441,681	9,545	2,525,369	1,287,425	3,370,451	669,781	7,853,025
1965	NA	33,837	1,458,140	13,436	187,048	102,676	74,213	8,291	246,941	263,620	511,366	7,478	2,907,046	1,186,343	3,445,888	722,228	8,261,505
1966	48,381	48,051	1,740,785	23,466	245,523	159,677	98,336	4,592	362,378	283,508	532,904	11,026	3,558,627	2,056,005	4,689,709	1,037,746	11,342,087
1967	63,301	69,468	2,447,509	28,571	346,658	142,519	108,427	5,125	353,977	324,862	520,142	8,841	4,419,400	2,192,609	4,575,275	980,594	12,167,877
1968	68,772	47,837	1,325,350	16,690	235,313	96,493	98,428	5,222	341,378	288,830	543,621	10,903	3,078,837	1,186,161	2,257,059	951,847	7,473,904
1969	41,636	81,130	2,209,118	19,666	275,763	157,107	110,623	3,587	400,726	259,186	517,779	13,975	4,090,296	2,500,440	4,325,523	1,381,075	12,297,335
1970	58,872	76,418	2,447,502	21,583	278,815	129,091	120,013	6,198	422,136	317,845	572,957	16,030	4,467,461	2,871,354	6,192,884	1,512,402	15,044,101
1971	66,301	97,656	2,071,942	32,192	315,464	121,654	119,262	6,759	369,921	337,504	486,544	8,365	4,033,564	2,735,444	5,188,353	1,302,454	13,259,815
1972	91,172	98,117	1,987,393	27,026	341,310	134,658	87,060	7,562	399,262	226,875	531,908	11,101	3,943,443	2,866,712	4,786,670	1,282,080	12,878,905
1973	83,386	41,141	1,447,260	24,130	268,177	96,090	85,508	4,931	346,345	338,756	549,737	9,791	3,295,252	2,399,917	4,386,684	1,151,995	11,233,848
1974	53,352	84,604	1,920,696	27,915	329,956	101,088	77,418	6,802	279,158	273,679	480,640	10,239	3,645,547	2,139,004	4,988,986	1,277,409	12,050,945
1975	64,855	73,320	1,956,656	25,874	314,197	129,179	127,126	4,961	450,844	387,774	532,335	11,934	4,079,055	2,825,942	6,413,216	1,419,480	14,737,693
1976	103,801	73,750	2,078,239	29,337	318,497	158,590	100,903	9,203	466,087	339,576	545,791	14,790	4,238,565	2,741,648	5,823,371	1,631,671	14,435,256
1977	107,838	55,145	1,366,205	27,070	221,755	139,022	76,310	4,101	360,195	240,729	564,424	9,905	3,172,699	2,381,572	5,760,686	1,555,709	12,870,666
1978	118,195	62,252	1,847,703	43,510	329,822	143,079	88,018	11,183	502,311	335,478	576,143	15,739	4,073,432	2,910,302	6,150,026	1,561,781	14,695,542
1979	110,671	61,924	1,660,722	29,617	219,088	134,212	74,078	7,367	398,352	282,915	468,825	14,715	3,462,485	2,652,146	6,192,568	1,509,732	13,816,931
1980	109,422	63,855	1,398,138	26,588	249,430	117,742	85,065	4,913	360,241	341,967	528,334	9,926	3,295,621	2,053,306	5,704,390	1,511,982	12,565,299
1981	74,150	40,450	1,138,322	25,613	316,567	108,923	80,262	6,715	301,794	223,183	429,429	10,704	2,756,111	1,988,930	5,300,290	1,529,621	11,574,951
1982	78,562	51,122	1,349,439	35,662	282,758	108,260	76,861	5,412	284,793	333,257	348,928	11,980	2,967,033	2,156,336	4,878,181	1,310,846	11,312,395
1983	90,661	60,338	1,284,411	32,229	281,323	113,716	112,892	7,624	372,672	310,720	465,056	12,383	3,144,024	2,104,231	5,781,223	1,438,724	12,468,202
1984	88,279	44,556	1,001,894	26,224	224,008	79,401	99,359	6,688	310,517	212,450	438,972	12,737	2,545,085	2,281,175	5,668,730	1,549,824	12,044,814
1985	72,075	45,792	1,024,447	24,977	215,771	78,742	51,789	5,543	287,452	154,161	375,609	6,750	2,343,108	1,492,781	4,126,496	1,127,995	9,090,380
1986	96,959	44,864	988,778	24,498	168,773	78,012	51,604	3,378	269,319	155,191	347,303	12,048	2,240,727	1,580,131	4,086,454	1,149,680	9,056,991
1987	77,783	66,638	1,078,576	22,420	155,407	72,884	58,851	3,700	239,017	97,546	300,706	9,143	2,182,670	1,721,864	3,735,049	1,144,672	8,784,255
1988	70,534	30,176	514,411	13,298	112,327	30,499	33,270	1,903	197,550	58,723	239,075	9,207	1,310,974	732,551	1,876,575	788,705	4,708,805
1989	67,627	30,888	720,123	21,602	118,732	40,541	32,385	1,690	178,073	76,995	237,714	7,462	1,533,830	901,066	2,519,626	915,321	5,869,843
1990	76,245	31,353	668,946	15,572	95,932	39,602	30,065	842	219,683	91,301	267,785	3,594	1,540,921	887,824	2,518,058	874,772	5,821,575
1991	56,771	22,701	652,959	15,282	116,876	40,899	16,533	3,338	159,326	98,005	240,701	5,424	1,428,816	733,317	2,748,794	932,164	5,843,091
1992	63,411	21,026	706,000	15,612	125,622	44,458	23,941	2,073	178,741	88,901	247,618	4,304	1,521,708	896,134	2,959,429	817,409	6,194,680
1993	49,397	13,560	846,959	19,601	152,680	50,882	35,753	3,747	251,412	129,343	203,360	3,188	1,759,884	991,553	2,967,421	929,985	6,648,843
1994	44,392	26,419	849,798	19,917	146,057	37,059	74,267	5,614	234,650	176,647	318,777	8,325	1,941,923	1,456,743	3,935,300	961,357	8,295,323
1995	63,182	29,861	1,199,468	37,757	212,678	57,187	80,487	5,865	323,185	206,968	370,565	12,970	2,600,171	2,001,783	6,397,576	1,495,917	12,495,447
1996	78,563	39,672	1,455,676	37,081	261,002	83,879	66,021	7,480	349,192	279,409	418,358	12,381	3,088,715	2,315,555	6,624,068	1,355,775	13,384,113
1997	96,091	33,246	1,372,830	28,666	267,915	103,369	89,244	3,754	429,789	350,625	457,675	21,292	3,254,497	2,905,313	7,631,721	1,626,644	15,418,173
1998	90,449	48,537	1,652,647	32,508	281,393	119,499	106,210	2,023	385,360	365,019	465,874	7,721	3,557,240	3,339,118	7,833,906	1,737,277	16,467,541
1999	73,600	53,100	1,212,468	19,860	249,989	78,060	88,325	2,746	424,936	251,925	638,072	19,242	3,112,324	3,054,680	7,947,803	1,665,220	15,780,027
2000	72,818	56,118	949,183	23,380	233,256	99,625	47,228	4,497	421,616	204,091	565,833	10,886	2,688,529	3,289,263	7,950,166	1,567,264	15,495,222
2001	74,700	39,186	1,063,604	15,983	141,247	85,457	36,593	6,815	310,128	168,323	426,472	6,410	2,374,918	3,255,089	6,591,619	1,503,387	13,725,013
2002	70,864	33,643	825,584	16,207	191,122	92,085	44,676	7,925	354,535	171,628	384,653	2,613	2,195,537	2,586,403	5,677,258	1,510,932	11,970,130
2003	65,522	40,146	1,010,712	16,882	261,402	86,553	49,865	5,502	273,995	321,976	347,429	3,896	2,483,880	2,484,477	6,367,778	1,346,800	12,682,935
2004	58,549	33,993	1,476,868	24,564	187,431	77,607	37,007	1,907	254,412	197,424	348,768	3,146	2,701,675	2,629,606	5,363,734	1,190,989	11,886,004
2005	70,725	51,747	1,324,806	24,290	257,408	78,616	49,523	5,009	353,368	268,972	391,433	9,954	2,885,852	2,697,377	5,155,901	1,362,991	12,102,121
2006	60,608	45,613	1,477,599	17,348	277,369	83,081	55,288	2,346	628,966	307,816	493,164	14,042	3,463,241	2,426,060	6,112,234	1,367,263	13,368,798
2007	60,775	47,363	1,628,594	19,830	227,845	84,591	43,682	10,192	678,268	230,057	446,594	12,946	3,490,738	2,628,156	6,565,134	1,436,584	14,120,613
2008	59,664	28,641	1,630,893	10,820	255,616	80,390	29,753	7,487	640,974	185,030	392,979	6,507	3,328,755	2,076,208	6,359,852	1,505,867	13,270,681
2009	58,283	36,732	1,437,676	41,276	226,309	61,854	40,329	5,263	357,778	185,506	371,381	11,697	2,834,085	2,452,559	5,960,212	1,435,026	12,681,882
2010	88,155	38,035	1,725,376	25,633	156,098	70,525	48,099	2,297	412,651	247,066	285,033	10,829	3,109,796	2,199,030	7,496,510	1,622,106	14,427,442
2011	57,062	37,723	1,486,460	40,997	208,588	66,447	63,549	514	474,510	311,251	509,858	4,488	3,261,448	2,937,376	7,850,749	1,465,850	15,515,423
2012	56,611	50,721	1,583,874	10,388	276,205	79,663	50,636	3,690	385,700	273,839	483,957	8,356	3,263,641	2,994,325	7,397,100	1,662,384	15,317,451
2013	60,722	67,858	1,060,690	23,076	318,245	80,187	38,267	5,782	274,567	182,138	293,975	6,643	2,412,148	2,764,084	6,744,099	1,414,044	13,334,375
2014	48,400	25,322	946,442	13,660	248,605	132,611	30,050	10,264	337,308	206,592	392,446	13,089	2,404,788	2,814,997	6,334,960	1,392,607	12,947,352
2015	21,061	21,305	1,263,862	19,900	173,153	146,073	26,918	1,416	237,408	192,196	440,880	12,107	2,556,278	2,237,926	4,722,153	1,179,175	10,695,532
2016	59,642	26,353	1,151,371	9,328	266,115	121,643	32,022	1,390	313,308	178,429	421,852	7,547	2,589,000	2,418,720	4,852,016	1,419,094	11,278,830
2017	48,403	12,830	1,301,715	14,469	230,443	82,783	30,199	234	474,722	224,257	325,179	10,548	2,755,782	2,406,857	5,242,959	1,375,324	11,780,922
2018	41,482	15,523	1,079,917	13,225	258,730	112,153	46,124	2,734	304,445	177,679	374,163	9,624	2,435,799	2,269,530	3,900,319	1,386,570	9,992,218
2019	46,681	16,825	960,587	8,633	163,874	71,210	42,107	5,359	285,078	189,643	370,892	7,457	2,168,345	2,113,159	4,074,641	1,049,101	9,405,246
2020	41,204	11,796	1,087,734	10,427	196,821	174,911	28,607	6,311	304,435	249,295	436,525	12,406	2,560,472	2,762,476	4,300,191	1,177,849	10,800,988
2021	38,043	14,825	928,013	8,990	203,557	59,361	32,421	5,433	382,624	175,469	412,579	3,926	2,265,241	1,921,574	3,891,474	1,076,635	9,154,925
2022	39,024	20,689	725,234	7,719	204,366	55,517	34,179	2,773	279,478	95,551	308,748	4,174	1,777,450	1,975,017	3,340,264	964,986	8,057,717
2023	60,782	41,662	1,034,418	19,970	140,104	83,698	34,779	1,057	259,222	263,557	468,908	12,427	2,420,583	3,810,808	6,192,250	1,899,187	14,322,828
2024	41,618	30,313	1,110,403	33,115	191,104	118,553	46,053	253	251,153	252,478	333,398	19,066	2,427,508	3,131,019	6,265,858	2,040,529	13,864,914

Time series statistics

Parameter	Estimate	SE	L95%CI	U95%CI
1-year index	2,427,508
3-year indexa	2,208,514
LTA	2,831,210	96,947	2,641,194	3,021,226
% change from LTA	-14
a 2022, 2023, 2024

Figure 1: Duck harvest in the Pacific Flyway. The blue line is a smoothed (Loess model) line with 95% confidence interval (shaded area) fit to the annual estimates. The red line is a moving 3-year average and the black dashed line is the long-term average. Estimates during 1961-1998 are from MQS and 1999-present are from HIP and not directly comparable. Estimates from the two survey types are separated by a red vertical line.

Figure 2: Duck harvest during the recent 5-year period (average annual) by State in the Pacific Flyway.

Figure 3: Duck harvest during the recent 5-year period (average annual) by State in the Pacific Flyway. Values are proportion of total Pacific Flyway harvest.

Data Table 2: Mallard

Table 2. Mallard harvest by season at the State, Flyway, and US scales, 1961-2024.

Season	AK	AZ	CA	CO	ID	MT	NV	NM	OR	UT	WA	WY	PF	CF	MF	AF	US
1961	NA	2,340	197,001	NA	138,804	44,400	8,921	NA	84,979	35,200	210,778	NA	722,423	408,981	866,860	104,975	2,103,239
1962	NA	4,173	167,008	9,290	121,368	27,442	9,317	1,131	90,463	32,766	176,812	8,104	647,875	190,478	437,644	116,028	1,392,025
1963	NA	4,731	267,539	12,029	185,397	49,049	22,164	2,994	88,800	76,466	228,569	7,473	945,210	413,329	926,262	137,048	2,421,850
1964	NA	5,653	248,975	16,441	200,794	35,599	28,603	1,583	96,773	58,255	262,576	8,227	963,478	520,082	1,320,902	162,934	2,967,395
1965	NA	3,516	295,017	11,276	150,691	77,813	25,133	5,274	93,313	64,398	298,031	5,970	1,030,433	333,459	919,140	160,778	2,443,809
1966	12,377	9,064	288,394	18,619	195,132	114,143	31,946	2,452	131,160	74,048	299,655	9,319	1,186,307	701,887	1,650,046	223,101	3,761,341
1967	19,516	9,985	446,006	22,018	238,587	106,427	30,255	1,948	149,890	85,614	295,454	7,674	1,413,372	819,351	1,732,327	231,361	4,196,411
1968	17,001	5,817	236,230	13,254	180,141	55,537	34,345	1,693	126,942	84,858	265,379	8,416	1,029,614	557,179	830,924	257,763	2,675,480
1969	12,434	13,445	331,707	17,067	202,445	107,335	25,367	2,230	156,466	65,011	243,836	10,347	1,187,690	813,645	1,431,548	330,346	3,763,229
1970	20,023	10,477	371,041	17,584	203,620	95,624	39,474	2,418	171,074	102,531	310,650	13,352	1,357,869	1,068,002	2,531,488	356,201	5,313,560
1971	22,572	14,466	313,359	22,693	251,095	90,715	36,018	1,197	123,503	106,979	298,331	6,001	1,286,930	1,231,808	2,163,654	339,066	5,021,458
1972	24,596	12,870	321,763	17,635	267,184	76,728	25,009	2,104	182,474	81,867	316,693	8,586	1,337,508	1,255,374	1,950,026	357,939	4,900,847
1973	23,483	7,979	219,401	21,243	215,968	68,462	23,961	2,124	149,455	85,436	350,924	7,370	1,175,805	1,006,935	1,687,873	335,786	4,206,399
1974	15,254	9,297	292,294	19,954	254,877	68,264	19,512	1,626	130,100	63,874	300,850	6,014	1,181,916	809,749	2,244,840	383,592	4,620,097
1975	16,050	6,144	293,094	19,841	230,698	79,236	28,204	2,223	146,219	69,518	277,524	6,233	1,174,984	935,086	2,518,121	409,328	5,037,519
1976	33,454	10,873	305,627	20,844	228,177	93,920	29,072	3,014	182,546	71,142	276,019	5,113	1,259,803	975,674	2,409,567	478,378	5,123,422
1977	32,181	5,704	229,672	19,211	140,988	90,510	16,078	1,670	137,203	57,134	283,457	6,241	1,020,050	789,692	2,270,182	388,103	4,468,027
1978	40,783	10,037	294,320	32,593	221,040	77,406	26,034	4,310	164,604	112,496	312,645	10,044	1,306,312	1,059,719	2,257,066	442,362	5,065,460
1979	42,036	12,451	260,715	17,226	159,500	83,015	23,809	2,437	143,102	78,250	274,785	10,391	1,107,717	923,878	2,346,065	437,734	4,815,394
1980	31,400	16,970	238,590	20,975	183,485	63,476	23,987	1,541	131,093	111,249	282,973	7,191	1,112,931	786,891	2,347,969	435,020	4,682,810
1981	22,886	8,329	238,961	19,007	252,513	60,596	26,244	1,746	117,061	69,891	249,148	8,045	1,074,426	784,395	2,063,585	444,598	4,367,003
1982	29,011	12,080	284,187	27,076	202,658	65,653	19,395	3,702	132,226	92,327	201,270	6,465	1,076,048	683,064	1,782,212	396,068	3,937,392
1983	27,473	15,708	298,543	24,930	218,748	68,347	39,863	3,741	174,854	72,006	286,984	7,776	1,238,975	772,537	2,019,594	417,382	4,448,486
1984	27,243	11,044	265,108	20,810	152,000	50,413	35,805	3,286	141,076	74,365	241,904	7,086	1,030,141	742,791	1,798,350	382,673	3,953,956
1985	20,097	10,944	261,765	18,174	168,112	52,976	17,330	1,933	129,919	64,626	227,524	4,538	977,937	510,738	1,535,194	319,933	3,343,801
1986	29,309	9,727	257,561	15,726	113,645	51,867	15,363	1,885	133,563	46,233	219,171	6,125	900,175	586,585	1,550,915	362,619	3,400,295
1987	25,010	13,078	228,346	17,130	117,911	53,271	22,196	1,078	101,416	46,639	185,455	6,396	817,927	612,428	1,460,472	340,399	3,231,227
1988	25,641	7,450	140,650	9,895	82,164	24,700	11,180	725	83,218	25,694	141,111	6,141	558,569	324,685	874,604	257,049	2,014,907
1989	22,927	6,672	175,140	14,655	92,408	26,080	10,888	1,042	80,162	27,389	143,529	4,164	605,056	335,185	1,094,617	321,517	2,356,375
1990	32,528	8,041	179,683	9,212	73,091	27,192	11,562	476	100,617	29,169	161,353	2,102	635,026	326,957	1,091,091	266,837	2,319,911
1991	20,279	5,835	161,242	11,870	82,281	27,979	6,337	1,629	69,485	34,208	149,438	3,300	573,885	293,694	1,189,696	317,698	2,374,972
1992	21,170	6,361	182,642	11,061	99,910	32,609	11,360	1,177	93,498	33,730	154,977	2,838	651,334	370,971	1,249,844	294,230	2,566,380
1993	18,207	3,342	228,353	15,420	109,636	36,794	15,630	1,926	113,699	37,534	124,042	2,473	707,055	395,692	1,336,748	313,600	2,753,095
1994	14,055	9,018	197,350	13,431	105,572	24,030	33,781	2,262	111,566	51,577	188,706	6,013	757,362	517,139	1,524,097	328,465	3,127,063
1995	19,726	13,281	258,839	27,248	155,252	38,465	25,444	2,813	137,781	71,648	207,829	7,390	965,716	711,666	2,342,943	423,952	4,444,276
1996	26,968	12,055	372,597	26,094	186,913	54,675	27,627	2,362	174,090	111,434	214,134	6,818	1,215,767	782,738	2,483,779	407,150	4,889,434
1997	33,134	8,586	310,483	20,774	178,472	73,253	19,236	445	189,769	109,071	237,438	12,206	1,192,868	913,152	2,848,367	478,211	5,432,597
1998	31,321	8,254	449,690	21,077	196,407	94,593	38,797	796	212,742	130,598	269,983	4,095	1,458,353	980,137	2,760,728	440,695	5,639,913
1999	23,385	14,512	328,165	15,221	187,001	59,605	29,209	1,514	203,013	71,979	371,461	13,408	1,318,474	995,528	3,137,726	444,068	5,895,795
2000	19,085	17,224	309,475	15,400	170,973	77,952	15,254	2,727	202,972	66,000	332,374	8,043	1,237,479	1,035,988	3,272,671	523,046	6,069,184
2001	27,711	13,811	307,911	12,801	106,695	67,677	13,126	3,581	145,060	72,777	256,081	4,338	1,031,569	1,178,357	2,796,047	472,682	5,478,655
2002	19,541	8,732	191,277	11,510	131,631	54,865	18,693	3,982	180,239	55,830	229,310	1,176	906,787	1,013,838	2,374,276	538,846	4,833,747
2003	24,824	10,697	288,094	11,766	195,916	68,559	17,771	3,224	121,104	123,368	189,704	3,255	1,058,281	962,154	2,483,361	427,301	4,931,097
2004	21,479	11,295	359,723	17,728	122,102	55,467	12,367	1,390	89,792	67,935	178,118	2,764	940,160	969,467	2,199,931	422,091	4,531,649
2005	30,288	14,905	349,758	17,263	172,669	58,877	12,639	3,154	142,771	85,014	212,209	5,548	1,105,095	868,144	2,049,383	444,305	4,466,927
2006	22,616	6,318	349,054	10,328	167,536	58,772	22,099	1,386	261,381	96,987	269,881	5,806	1,272,166	709,952	2,286,643	399,651	4,668,411
2007	20,039	10,260	270,300	12,627	155,506	55,273	12,936	4,982	271,041	72,160	235,351	7,050	1,127,524	806,861	2,514,119	429,917	4,878,421
2008	22,126	6,396	255,956	8,492	179,397	58,135	10,748	2,995	265,271	58,177	219,726	4,674	1,092,093	677,267	2,282,128	503,480	4,554,969
2009	21,078	9,288	262,442	29,423	146,716	42,463	14,914	1,959	147,480	69,379	166,231	6,570	917,944	721,474	2,076,235	419,543	4,135,196
2010	32,534	12,152	331,987	18,888	104,223	53,556	10,088	1,343	161,862	76,285	128,805	7,775	939,498	603,214	2,228,872	394,670	4,166,254
2011	20,338	8,006	308,051	29,440	112,066	48,499	20,760	257	189,305	92,926	247,483	2,487	1,079,619	773,332	2,240,248	315,897	4,409,096
2012	17,148	11,533	243,467	7,991	182,047	51,802	11,828	1,614	132,638	74,489	226,227	3,304	964,088	763,143	1,882,553	325,487	3,935,272
2013	17,125	13,720	127,977	10,390	212,538	53,058	10,499	2,329	103,953	52,713	123,569	4,613	732,484	740,084	1,837,000	328,029	3,637,597
2014	18,232	6,672	106,370	9,203	169,105	90,878	12,841	6,792	136,459	51,366	186,951	8,580	803,447	813,668	1,992,886	294,063	3,904,063
2015	6,990	3,416	119,301	11,371	116,831	116,317	9,390	607	105,464	55,488	219,729	8,251	773,155	714,448	1,695,598	250,114	3,433,315
2016	33,144	6,113	143,603	2,332	187,753	92,474	13,155	668	119,827	63,221	196,142	5,068	863,500	716,017	1,826,117	313,511	3,719,146
2017	21,152	2,350	209,323	5,209	137,089	58,568	9,582	234	183,971	70,062	181,372	5,822	884,735	610,977	1,643,472	286,376	3,425,560
2018	14,830	4,175	144,472	6,223	172,946	75,884	19,429	1,126	102,696	60,853	203,685	5,456	811,774	651,824	1,407,353	277,119	3,148,069
2019	20,079	3,883	147,680	4,849	100,751	45,694	13,252	1,420	97,820	60,212	190,913	3,681	690,234	528,645	1,454,937	222,255	2,896,071
2020	15,678	1,958	136,289	6,372	112,842	107,280	5,471	2,760	119,984	68,427	215,115	7,643	799,818	568,926	1,211,677	220,791	2,801,212
2021	10,864	2,292	87,509	5,262	150,403	41,112	4,615	2,694	135,613	37,585	188,043	2,960	668,952	508,582	1,184,216	179,879	2,541,629
2022	10,808	3,794	96,180	3,575	140,683	25,253	7,552	968	104,544	27,064	110,483	1,423	532,328	359,256	981,547	169,537	2,042,668
2023	16,212	7,189	151,067	7,889	92,315	31,298	9,510	117	84,122	59,603	181,294	9,528	650,143	677,583	1,618,440	272,018	3,218,184
2024	9,270	7,016	157,967	12,589	98,316	63,942	14,551	190	83,951	72,919	130,835	14,253	665,802	723,808	1,770,667	307,955	3,468,231

Time series statistics

Parameter	Estimate	SE	L95%CI	U95%CI
1-year index	665,802
3-year indexa	616,091
LTA	985,495	29,924	926,843	1,044,147
% change from LTA	-32
a 2022, 2023, 2024

Figure 4: Mallard harvest in the Pacific Flyway. The blue line is a smoothed (Loess model) line with 95% confidence interval (shaded area) fit to the annual estimates. The red line is a moving 3-year average and the black dashed line is the long-term average. Estimates during 1961-1998 are from MQS and 1999-present are from HIP and not directly comparable. Estimates from the two survey types are separated by a red vertical line.

Figure 5: Mallard harvest during the recent 5-year period (average annual) by State in the Pacific Flyway.

Figure 6: Mallard harvest during the recent 5-year period (average annual) by State in the Pacific Flyway. Values are proportion of total Pacific Flyway harvest.

Data Table 3: Northern Pintail

Table 3. Northern pintail harvest by season at the State, Flyway, and US scales, 1961-2024.

Season	AK	AZ	CA	CO	ID	MT	NV	NM	OR	UT	WA	WY	PF	CF	MF	AF	US
1961	NA	2,327	299,269	NA	9,818	2,357	1,711	NA	15,902	15,186	35,658	NA	382,228	49,542	69,951	16,087	517,808
1962	NA	2,996	285,274	NA	7,166	787	2,654	NA	33,063	27,107	43,582	136	402,765	46,266	51,266	17,452	517,750
1963	NA	2,641	415,660	239	10,871	1,866	5,414	213	41,673	49,349	46,819	112	574,858	101,374	108,993	25,574	810,798
1964	NA	4,388	342,031	421	5,987	1,497	9,284	49	34,949	26,171	37,351	166	462,295	130,069	173,549	23,861	789,774
1965	NA	7,673	373,028	NA	5,098	2,880	12,289	184	39,848	60,476	38,102	30	539,608	82,206	113,856	19,414	755,084
1966	10,483	5,639	563,014	93	10,939	6,652	12,472	58	54,075	61,043	44,800	76	769,345	179,048	220,619	27,606	1,196,618
1967	11,324	11,498	798,498	467	17,358	5,732	24,824	211	42,712	81,220	42,247	60	1,036,151	175,648	214,898	28,045	1,454,741
1968	17,208	7,382	381,070	216	11,038	6,227	12,478	365	44,400	58,666	45,312	489	584,851	93,174	100,666	26,386	805,078
1969	7,249	10,413	900,514	224	5,334	4,665	18,118	127	66,262	55,063	52,396	334	1,120,697	178,479	195,023	42,356	1,536,555
1970	12,582	13,808	1,032,912	143	18,043	4,268	26,376	296	64,321	69,332	52,094	689	1,294,865	294,187	274,187	46,377	1,909,615
1971	15,448	15,594	752,074	543	13,920	8,526	20,736	388	49,139	57,382	40,742	932	975,423	154,911	135,726	25,069	1,291,128
1972	25,355	17,959	715,250	412	18,956	12,769	21,321	881	60,841	38,543	54,684	307	967,278	164,723	136,714	24,503	1,293,218
1973	23,588	8,123	477,032	327	13,047	6,330	19,717	354	59,302	81,872	49,632	303	739,627	154,301	139,357	27,715	1,061,000
1974	8,912	17,745	712,334	319	14,209	5,286	12,007	231	52,612	67,787	45,497	336	937,276	162,514	122,979	34,680	1,257,449
1975	14,822	11,365	746,852	590	16,865	7,259	28,447	212	90,561	88,776	54,218	283	1,060,252	273,519	206,500	41,095	1,581,366
1976	22,226	10,253	680,573	685	17,417	7,061	13,192	295	79,709	72,784	45,906	171	950,271	194,905	157,050	42,373	1,344,598
1977	26,900	8,391	350,844	99	10,568	7,523	12,704	35	46,218	42,190	61,666	497	567,636	179,902	213,624	50,636	1,011,799
1978	18,868	8,459	596,012	722	15,752	13,635	14,035	136	85,022	52,150	65,408	323	870,522	239,436	210,658	35,737	1,356,353
1979	16,315	8,081	641,512	1,102	8,252	8,219	11,183	604	53,091	65,006	31,841	411	845,618	228,947	213,601	48,462	1,336,628
1980	23,896	7,475	410,039	386	8,918	8,070	17,484	66	49,713	78,031	52,876	249	657,203	193,244	215,811	38,869	1,105,128
1981	18,105	3,877	260,964	348	10,015	6,208	9,905	197	43,374	41,035	27,723	219	421,970	151,023	207,864	27,891	808,748
1982	11,755	6,004	327,883	709	9,043	5,409	13,387	NA	20,950	61,551	22,310	329	479,329	158,994	126,568	38,632	803,523
1983	13,206	4,611	334,336	204	7,198	4,323	12,797	221	37,699	33,104	30,424	170	478,293	139,077	187,365	18,636	823,372
1984	16,465	5,602	194,921	319	9,413	3,191	12,228	310	34,042	19,518	32,399	543	328,953	165,804	153,680	34,658	683,096
1985	13,341	2,505	200,253	484	7,730	2,643	5,797	253	37,638	11,264	24,090	51	306,049	83,914	124,920	21,685	536,568
1986	13,061	2,621	194,483	644	5,855	3,446	6,150	106	23,633	16,822	20,924	270	288,014	72,071	90,350	19,033	469,469
1987	10,600	7,286	243,838	102	6,486	2,539	5,217	NA	18,128	9,862	17,782	165	322,006	122,420	88,305	15,788	548,518
1988	10,509	2,060	70,730	217	4,106	649	1,635	68	16,394	5,918	14,357	169	126,813	36,387	39,225	7,447	209,872
1989	11,080	2,413	91,634	137	3,337	1,352	2,443	76	16,903	8,021	13,105	86	150,588	43,594	65,055	14,588	273,824
1990	10,284	2,674	80,286	159	1,714	1,313	1,796	NA	21,242	8,256	15,592	122	143,438	43,206	49,487	10,493	246,624
1991	6,518	1,560	81,298	224	3,278	1,798	960	205	14,741	8,200	13,949	191	132,923	28,687	40,319	14,201	216,130
1992	10,613	1,051	74,981	169	2,712	1,424	651	59	15,217	6,824	13,108	116	126,925	32,095	56,520	12,470	228,010
1993	4,966	964	90,447	322	3,354	1,210	1,834	34	20,603	13,231	8,878	18	145,861	42,274	52,635	12,923	253,693
1994	5,087	1,536	91,907	361	3,318	1,097	3,110	143	17,115	15,734	15,992	64	155,463	61,456	81,147	18,340	316,406
1995	8,766	1,587	162,018	476	6,191	1,908	10,528	NA	27,214	28,696	19,478	410	267,272	94,840	136,099	33,163	531,374
1996	13,641	1,586	181,148	418	7,541	1,824	6,165	NA	26,283	35,712	19,699	368	294,384	96,634	123,817	19,270	534,104
1997	10,310	2,009	187,142	104	5,665	2,524	9,934	213	37,916	57,481	35,069	255	348,621	189,211	144,758	24,010	706,600
1998	12,984	1,660	145,355	634	8,991	1,915	5,744	32	21,875	27,683	23,278	109	250,261	124,994	176,990	33,594	585,838
1999	10,652	1,800	120,509	163	6,193	914	6,575	NA	27,085	21,112	34,705	697	230,404	129,904	153,304	25,101	538,714
2000	17,119	2,408	82,200	210	6,019	1,285	3,318	NA	30,446	19,091	40,612	325	203,033	135,897	153,036	20,050	512,016
2001	11,585	2,355	91,201	71	2,764	961	2,387	347	18,496	12,888	16,455	289	159,798	136,050	125,148	20,619	441,615
2002	11,215	565	67,885	94	3,238	2,964	2,102	394	18,024	10,222	13,436	44	130,183	60,703	99,759	17,220	307,865
2003	9,084	1,151	79,297	NA	5,854	1,206	1,820	43	15,716	18,789	11,009	49	144,019	55,641	119,005	18,134	336,800
2004	6,056	535	98,771	116	3,403	1,128	834	32	16,643	10,209	9,313	NA	147,040	63,280	90,542	10,254	311,115
2005	5,767	2,599	115,657	229	6,509	1,483	3,370	37	27,900	23,385	21,450	109	208,494	78,919	107,276	17,339	412,029
2006	7,630	2,337	123,246	161	5,781	1,998	2,619	NA	47,540	26,883	21,092	135	239,424	66,350	104,286	20,282	430,342
2007	7,170	2,554	137,851	178	4,551	2,069	2,983	344	57,433	19,010	24,939	365	259,447	88,229	162,416	19,076	529,168
2008	7,779	1,299	169,433	NA	4,656	2,157	1,319	219	57,877	15,108	24,792	36	284,676	72,230	158,218	21,395	536,519
2009	7,178	577	177,118	558	5,174	1,625	2,123	94	39,653	16,893	34,835	149	285,976	91,002	106,727	15,056	498,762
2010	10,139	1,986	242,628	NA	4,828	1,373	3,515	NA	59,658	21,044	22,781	NA	367,952	117,009	196,185	23,522	704,668
2011	7,873	1,218	201,637	365	3,849	685	4,613	NA	73,995	48,711	48,526	61	391,533	187,970	212,499	17,971	809,973
2012	10,962	1,736	201,061	100	7,948	1,540	3,256	77	59,449	35,046	36,666	NA	357,841	156,403	156,593	12,609	683,446
2013	9,727	3,041	130,558	109	7,114	1,440	2,238	NA	37,299	15,161	24,395	92	231,175	130,820	155,104	21,367	538,467
2014	5,484	1,668	115,685	144	3,191	2,095	927	232	42,679	23,553	34,581	291	230,528	107,608	115,644	17,685	471,466
2015	2,926	982	161,448	NA	3,664	2,228	385	40	25,504	18,459	33,653	83	249,372	84,569	95,746	17,501	447,189
2016	3,268	413	135,445	NA	5,362	1,442	1,039	27	43,127	14,891	26,652	108	231,774	108,772	101,514	25,407	467,467
2017	3,525	296	119,467	NA	2,310	1,173	830	NA	41,286	18,761	15,843	NA	203,493	102,462	134,643	16,280	456,878
2018	4,734	309	138,774	NA	4,732	2,275	890	NA	35,284	14,644	25,977	245	227,865	63,390	68,949	17,539	377,743
2019	3,203	409	99,535	NA	2,150	452	2,191	NA	22,997	10,169	20,447	159	161,711	72,457	74,589	8,963	317,720
2020	4,815	379	102,432	166	2,474	1,989	2,203	230	27,052	20,787	22,582	NA	185,109	103,927	100,111	18,986	408,134
2021	4,818	702	76,760	NA	1,868	1,203	1,970	NA	32,940	15,309	22,435	30	158,035	77,117	132,767	17,300	385,219
2022	4,541	430	59,928	NA	1,837	1,002	1,929	22	22,979	8,911	19,379	190	121,148	70,847	75,268	9,564	276,826
2023	12,991	830	79,248	NA	1,789	1,897	1,977	NA	20,492	20,256	25,219	NA	164,698	165,374	171,966	24,583	526,622
2024	7,707	132	86,358	NA	5,048	1,383	2,479	NA	21,413	18,832	20,255	370	163,977	122,206	188,456	24,033	498,672

Time series statistics

Parameter	Estimate	SE	L95%CI	U95%CI
1-year index	163,977
3-year indexa	149,941
LTA	413,979	38,300	338,912	489,046
% change from LTA	-60
a 2022, 2023, 2024

Figure 7: Northern pintail harvest in the Pacific Flyway. The blue line is a smoothed (Loess model) line with 95% confidence interval (shaded area) fit to the annual estimates. The red line is a moving 3-year average and the black dashed line is the long-term average. Estimates during 1961-1998 are from MQS and 1999-present are from HIP and not directly comparable. Estimates from the two survey types are separated by a red vertical line.

Figure 8: Northern pintail harvest during the recent 5-year period (average annual) by State in the Pacific Flyway.

Figure 9: Northern pintail harvest during the recent 5-year period (average annual) by State in the Pacific Flyway. Values are proportion of total Pacific Flyway harvest.

Data Table 4: Gadwall

Table 4. Gadwall harvest by season at the State, Flyway, and US scales, 1961-2024.

Season	AK	AZ	CA	CO	ID	MT	NV	NM	OR	UT	WA	WY	PF	CF	MF	AF	US
1961	NA	1,423	19,160	NA	4,746	204	2,843	NA	2,448	8,596	773	NA	40,194	24,706	36,560	3,834	105,294
1962	NA	840	17,539	67	3,534	49	2,495	71	7,440	12,892	3,158	68	48,152	38,829	31,874	6,913	125,768
1963	NA	1,521	42,302	124	8,619	133	6,600	233	9,007	22,734	4,504	307	96,085	111,913	108,524	17,765	334,287
1964	NA	3,258	40,514	364	6,145	139	5,982	74	4,932	20,074	3,252	267	85,001	113,248	146,325	10,745	355,320
1965	NA	2,013	41,734	132	4,423	1,922	4,276	184	6,286	26,419	4,205	395	91,989	119,272	223,818	18,990	454,069
1966	1,480	2,834	51,512	1,472	5,072	5,497	9,383	339	10,360	24,930	7,998	507	121,383	218,247	283,545	24,020	647,194
1967	272	4,925	85,290	838	11,379	4,571	9,110	278	8,471	37,326	11,997	359	174,816	207,663	227,487	25,636	635,602
1968	349	2,945	34,173	184	6,921	6,189	6,673	669	9,240	25,277	4,129	132	96,881	110,561	88,846	18,286	314,574
1969	612	4,352	43,325	741	13,596	6,637	8,420	63	10,018	21,384	11,340	156	120,643	338,945	191,029	33,332	683,950
1970	416	2,008	43,499	237	4,770	3,420	8,942	515	9,873	29,711	9,676	267	113,334	298,028	323,693	23,507	758,561
1971	544	6,632	66,021	1,252	3,055	2,791	11,981	1,880	12,260	30,223	7,450	72	144,161	310,547	289,831	16,934	761,472
1972	497	3,547	49,310	1,154	2,391	5,912	5,029	1,026	10,865	20,291	3,848	123	103,992	334,355	288,365	24,187	750,899
1973	333	1,479	32,388	472	2,895	1,373	6,029	133	7,614	31,035	1,630	488	85,867	190,536	212,393	20,798	509,594
1974	456	3,773	60,152	447	7,110	4,400	8,396	1,047	17,481	22,242	3,561	420	129,485	247,958	245,728	28,693	651,864
1975	274	4,160	46,487	125	10,213	5,363	8,485	82	9,617	31,667	7,516	1,792	125,783	275,130	349,777	34,140	784,829
1976	783	2,230	37,552	798	12,209	5,011	4,607	948	8,425	22,082	7,674	426	102,747	321,691	393,682	40,675	858,794
1977	703	1,200	27,381	348	5,819	4,803	5,449	462	11,275	25,146	4,369	612	87,566	239,816	376,785	33,533	737,701
1978	581	3,569	39,188	1,118	7,502	12,486	6,498	1,296	18,039	34,654	8,885	403	134,219	309,088	493,144	40,337	976,787
1979	986	2,479	47,928	1,122	4,987	8,657	7,010	1,299	14,221	25,043	4,505	617	118,854	245,516	489,226	35,586	889,182
1980	1,147	3,896	64,167	539	7,333	10,722	9,622	329	13,692	38,724	12,914	311	163,397	191,764	378,936	36,108	770,205
1981	1,022	2,070	33,616	492	8,662	9,494	9,891	854	6,138	29,330	9,691	334	111,593	160,360	352,543	26,297	650,793
1982	627	1,699	53,843	1,165	10,601	7,509	8,618	738	11,821	30,089	6,080	1,381	134,170	276,865	430,626	47,736	889,396
1983	1,446	3,582	59,162	441	7,687	12,280	11,028	652	9,144	37,778	7,866	678	151,746	233,646	477,956	44,372	907,721
1984	440	2,638	43,328	215	9,129	2,635	11,899	807	10,761	18,535	12,012	1,277	113,676	227,590	417,763	22,901	781,931
1985	799	2,000	53,611	643	2,029	1,840	4,873	570	4,432	12,733	3,338	102	86,972	155,997	225,028	18,416	486,413
1986	2,860	1,488	57,663	616	6,429	4,370	5,070	53	5,423	18,334	3,937	1,186	107,428	149,980	278,292	24,917	560,616
1987	2,125	5,341	50,433	121	2,839	2,226	6,569	324	7,022	11,061	4,017	208	92,285	158,196	205,592	18,615	474,688
1988	1,027	756	23,330	288	2,791	685	4,679	151	6,066	3,098	6,021	165	49,059	66,162	89,099	9,890	214,211
1989	2,212	1,656	42,109	224	1,729	2,570	3,813	114	4,715	7,465	5,158	482	72,247	99,249	172,435	21,128	365,058
1990	1,972	2,545	45,235	764	2,721	2,350	4,468	43	8,572	11,171	7,324	305	87,470	107,831	168,361	18,680	382,342
1991	681	2,044	40,381	450	6,824	1,847	2,252	614	4,230	7,437	4,548	381	71,689	100,608	234,861	21,036	428,194
1992	737	876	33,258	275	1,802	2,093	2,553	110	4,049	8,953	5,674	202	60,583	79,733	213,876	21,432	375,624
1993	1,493	1,284	63,145	107	7,221	2,780	5,335	342	11,719	11,147	5,277	143	109,992	105,618	169,949	21,324	406,882
1994	237	1,594	68,768	363	7,290	2,572	9,446	678	16,129	19,925	8,466	647	136,114	179,145	316,305	23,938	655,502
1995	436	1,922	85,081	1,388	8,407	3,454	7,227	515	18,146	21,161	8,763	738	157,238	266,976	717,973	68,012	1,210,199
1996	1,075	3,870	103,564	1,117	9,013	7,173	9,551	1,472	16,003	26,993	12,566	767	193,164	356,435	832,862	45,932	1,428,393
1997	2,183	1,830	78,997	965	11,635	5,592	11,584	308	24,272	35,041	12,790	1,039	186,237	428,398	854,304	50,032	1,518,971
1998	927	4,460	128,719	1,106	7,617	2,863	15,749	348	9,878	21,694	13,061	980	207,402	517,402	1,022,328	40,038	1,787,171
1999	481	4,050	69,290	326	5,438	3,658	5,528	70	10,858	17,174	15,735	1,219	133,826	556,552	1,069,106	62,212	1,821,696
2000	573	6,668	59,652	1,190	6,281	2,913	4,094	369	14,516	16,091	19,434	731	132,511	609,414	1,267,317	67,496	2,076,737
2001	1,946	2,141	66,537	707	4,837	1,922	2,758	809	9,888	16,669	13,847	337	122,399	491,783	845,701	33,785	1,493,668
2002	1,170	2,722	60,579	705	4,819	6,341	6,887	473	9,108	14,700	11,150	305	118,960	411,642	661,701	39,803	1,232,106
2003	392	3,196	79,774	256	6,399	2,563	7,904	387	9,458	30,821	12,807	99	154,055	422,728	851,315	38,479	1,466,578
2004	969	3,480	132,566	463	6,125	2,914	7,087	32	10,450	25,898	12,081	95	202,160	483,058	654,488	24,269	1,363,975
2005	1,153	2,905	105,034	1,146	10,210	2,681	9,231	74	18,376	34,782	7,436	1,305	194,332	499,963	635,321	34,337	1,363,954
2006	1,031	5,366	124,231	242	20,390	5,328	8,137	53	25,654	38,567	14,029	1,350	244,379	463,376	803,785	33,252	1,544,792
2007	1,042	2,638	122,226	1,334	8,317	5,950	5,169	573	17,456	24,907	9,514	729	199,854	394,305	842,192	38,950	1,475,301
2008	1,010	2,532	110,212	685	8,333	6,764	4,690	913	14,802	22,761	9,236	288	182,226	339,425	906,308	36,313	1,464,272
2009	718	2,781	117,846	2,649	14,592	2,816	4,636	637	13,844	21,887	10,779	647	193,833	461,217	713,277	33,448	1,401,774
2010	2,270	5,258	124,376	1,709	6,248	2,256	6,834	283	13,746	43,100	8,205	1,250	215,534	367,637	1,098,694	53,420	1,735,283
2011	1,406	2,263	106,218	1,582	11,991	2,192	10,149	86	15,048	46,713	15,562	425	213,633	556,105	1,474,405	68,561	2,312,705
2012	543	3,162	95,291	300	12,534	5,320	6,512	692	15,446	42,642	11,391	389	194,221	536,958	1,240,234	49,318	2,020,732
2013	480	5,117	60,725	1,640	13,978	6,002	4,584	1,285	8,902	19,479	7,182	277	129,649	455,548	1,009,467	80,107	1,674,771
2014	1,211	1,554	56,464	288	14,491	3,061	6,222	309	10,459	21,298	7,081	921	123,359	422,036	947,364	90,036	1,582,795
2015	122	1,067	83,443	4,264	11,306	3,501	5,152	121	6,458	30,429	9,287	746	155,898	328,964	559,674	58,906	1,103,441
2016	467	2,148	71,207	777	13,942	5,289	4,096	267	9,725	30,827	10,203	467	149,415	349,580	662,282	92,160	1,253,437
2017	522	1,355	112,490	723	18,850	3,435	6,538	NA	14,928	29,901	8,671	822	198,234	333,803	623,532	64,618	1,220,188
2018	684	1,206	61,730	933	12,562	2,811	5,858	NA	9,307	17,329	10,921	429	123,770	325,694	421,296	62,214	932,975
2019	1,016	1,941	53,468	828	8,908	4,524	6,092	824	11,782	28,544	11,032	730	129,688	339,224	537,060	42,126	1,048,098
2020	352	1,175	60,446	414	13,195	11,935	2,583	562	9,390	34,250	14,097	157	148,556	509,692	549,477	42,779	1,250,504
2021	541	1,146	43,462	329	6,446	4,011	3,039	690	10,535	28,611	14,022	NA	112,832	253,659	414,525	46,539	827,555
2022	727	2,004	46,795	406	5,511	2,806	4,796	130	6,745	11,387	8,431	569	90,308	302,122	371,974	43,354	807,757
2023	752	3,410	63,056	1,726	3,368	7,113	4,808	411	5,183	34,225	15,872	NA	139,924	552,564	807,584	70,809	1,570,881
2024	112	2,912	84,581	4,379	7,452	14,517	10,954	NA	9,506	37,226	5,770	555	177,963	392,005	779,051	93,657	1,442,676

Time series statistics

Parameter	Estimate	SE	L95%CI	U95%CI
1-year index	177,963
3-year indexa	136,065
LTA	132,019	5,766	120,718	143,320
% change from LTA	35
a 2022, 2023, 2024

Figure 10: Gadwall harvest in the Pacific Flyway. The blue line is a smoothed (Loess model) line with 95% confidence interval (shaded area) fit to the annual estimates. The red line is a moving 3-year average and the black dashed line is the long-term average. Estimates during 1961-1998 are from MQS and 1999-present are from HIP and not directly comparable. Estimates from the two survey types are separated by a red vertical line.

Figure 11: Gadwall harvest during the recent 5-year period (average annual) by State in the Pacific Flyway.

Figure 12: Gadwall harvest during the recent 5-year period (average annual) by State in the Pacific Flyway. Values are proportion of total Pacific Flyway harvest.

Data Table 5: American Wigeon

Table 5. American wigeon harvest by season at the State, Flyway, and US scales, 1961-2024.

Season	AK	AZ	CA	CO	ID	MT	NV	NM	OR	UT	WA	WY	PF	CF	MF	AF	US
1961	NA	2,259	183,929	NA	16,276	4,604	2,539	NA	46,589	5,621	75,940	NA	337,757	51,061	89,742	32,085	510,646
1962	NA	2,042	128,484	NA	13,299	2,674	1,157	NA	46,776	5,402	69,185	181	269,200	27,114	52,507	27,937	376,758
1963	NA	3,608	159,209	69	13,993	4,343	3,072	233	47,662	12,974	98,424	265	343,852	75,214	114,295	41,887	575,247
1964	NA	3,149	166,341	682	16,073	2,847	4,240	159	43,096	9,628	54,393	194	300,802	105,223	209,547	43,550	659,123
1965	NA	2,493	202,188	415	11,765	7,370	2,588	36	44,932	15,158	69,797	120	356,862	83,790	212,687	54,528	707,867
1966	8,084	5,243	215,230	812	11,984	14,319	10,337	460	91,931	20,524	81,054	270	460,250	159,740	308,192	70,900	999,082
1967	7,988	6,269	311,816	1,724	37,374	9,571	6,937	373	61,316	21,560	71,020	329	536,277	132,172	263,902	58,139	990,490
1968	9,242	4,946	169,600	904	16,025	11,840	5,982	906	73,418	17,730	114,388	816	425,797	83,234	127,025	49,280	685,336
1969	7,985	7,918	229,898	870	20,747	9,757	6,354	213	72,173	18,599	108,994	156	483,662	175,174	215,478	77,749	952,063
1970	9,569	4,629	263,984	637	25,356	6,748	8,947	74	67,894	20,645	91,735	784	501,001	220,925	252,807	71,677	1,046,410
1971	12,487	9,137	255,244	1,480	23,175	5,537	9,032	1,571	73,762	24,676	58,896	430	475,428	181,800	193,433	47,961	898,622
1972	15,080	6,384	231,516	3,496	28,045	16,099	5,653	697	53,405	10,661	73,929	552	445,518	174,907	222,635	65,066	908,125
1973	13,422	2,119	145,630	910	14,345	7,260	6,577	509	54,894	20,498	69,050	983	336,198	149,928	192,373	39,309	717,808
1974	9,730	6,268	194,263	2,228	16,009	6,293	5,848	1,189	39,081	14,186	52,828	823	348,746	141,881	184,815	65,705	741,146
1975	12,601	5,409	193,898	1,255	17,084	8,570	11,427	171	82,629	26,425	75,830	1,096	436,395	177,421	236,219	84,059	934,094
1976	13,677	5,134	278,704	1,702	12,184	7,523	11,404	1,808	96,591	23,873	86,053	6,405	545,057	180,842	208,882	93,962	1,028,743
1977	11,917	3,039	162,404	609	21,132	9,472	7,516	985	66,277	16,764	84,563	563	385,241	204,050	260,409	74,247	923,948
1978	16,235	5,016	179,391	2,206	35,043	7,381	5,877	2,660	93,840	15,298	63,540	1,290	427,777	210,189	337,419	78,167	1,053,553
1979	18,094	4,950	168,307	2,779	11,250	10,291	5,801	1,705	75,963	14,301	64,201	617	378,259	169,170	341,886	91,011	980,327
1980	16,339	5,684	165,618	1,272	18,002	8,866	4,268	875	53,741	17,962	70,153	621	363,400	185,666	262,235	79,805	891,107
1981	9,976	2,364	125,779	1,380	10,935	5,554	5,662	2,101	44,728	9,405	49,842	552	268,279	121,408	255,344	45,371	690,401
1982	10,806	3,660	122,833	1,403	24,593	5,579	3,952	402	62,006	15,031	39,091	554	289,911	184,307	196,370	46,240	716,828
1983	16,189	2,640	103,725	1,163	12,437	8,337	7,401	2,206	56,736	17,343	37,957	1,305	267,438	144,059	239,492	45,773	696,762
1984	13,154	2,751	94,616	892	11,665	3,815	3,922	1,552	37,833	9,938	54,014	815	234,968	152,358	192,458	52,797	632,582
1985	11,418	3,947	105,991	1,582	13,373	5,388	3,451	1,457	39,222	8,427	43,258	172	237,685	104,607	116,887	23,641	482,819
1986	16,968	4,238	113,900	2,144	13,255	3,556	4,195	587	43,508	12,188	40,684	775	255,998	97,199	144,952	48,287	546,437
1987	15,227	5,626	124,255	1,106	9,193	3,299	3,573	863	34,609	5,547	32,279	1,059	236,635	99,067	115,700	47,239	498,641
1988	9,894	4,452	63,098	822	5,300	1,706	2,090	275	32,692	5,345	30,336	265	156,273	48,230	51,978	15,971	272,453
1989	12,385	2,375	71,712	962	6,761	2,926	1,813	241	27,768	5,588	33,748	904	167,184	68,625	87,198	38,327	361,334
1990	10,545	2,516	80,086	1,177	6,900	2,686	1,471	140	29,132	5,382	37,544	286	177,866	83,855	90,384	32,686	384,789
1991	8,514	3,090	94,314	584	7,325	2,198	955	496	24,548	5,138	33,815	522	181,497	65,316	93,239	31,350	371,402
1992	10,487	1,846	72,928	803	7,233	2,126	1,206	305	24,157	4,091	32,086	202	157,470	55,972	112,814	41,626	367,883
1993	9,150	1,307	77,331	972	12,814	3,340	2,246	498	40,779	4,981	30,136	107	183,662	49,610	79,227	43,707	356,206
1994	8,812	1,257	97,611	1,264	11,628	2,967	8,063	1,244	35,530	10,159	44,527	289	223,352	94,727	105,190	45,482	468,751
1995	11,691	1,975	158,527	1,761	16,573	5,371	3,733	636	53,850	9,241	58,522	985	322,865	144,781	233,758	73,596	775,000
1996	14,980	4,256	174,820	2,608	17,447	4,229	4,168	1,357	44,486	17,043	72,359	1,273	359,023	157,268	196,565	61,736	774,592
1997	16,660	3,114	161,090	1,844	23,995	5,063	6,892	353	49,506	22,191	73,702	1,333	365,746	189,724	209,122	70,456	835,048
1998	20,864	7,282	165,667	2,589	15,491	4,054	3,577	222	39,626	17,452	66,379	362	343,564	195,979	211,008	53,129	803,680
1999	17,539	4,725	167,130	1,384	17,824	4,073	2,211	528	62,832	14,768	105,291	1,306	399,611	201,752	170,804	49,857	822,024
2000	15,645	6,668	111,669	1,610	18,406	5,054	3,490	811	49,073	17,818	69,764	1,300	301,306	217,111	217,539	38,970	774,927
2001	16,960	4,925	149,078	919	12,784	6,087	2,042	1,502	48,741	13,146	66,808	578	323,570	204,922	172,897	37,637	739,027
2002	14,312	4,674	113,548	1,644	18,299	7,720	3,891	1,419	55,606	13,775	61,916	610	297,413	190,807	144,517	32,466	665,203
2003	9,397	6,648	112,566	1,151	20,150	4,574	3,784	903	38,614	21,097	64,408	197	283,490	151,005	120,737	39,505	594,737
2004	8,478	3,854	196,672	1,970	18,860	5,923	2,501	129	36,639	16,740	62,673	NA	354,439	226,348	149,793	19,374	749,954
2005	7,622	2,981	176,871	1,986	29,352	2,967	2,834	779	51,086	21,443	57,771	435	356,128	203,370	121,240	20,686	701,424
2006	12,442	5,626	165,724	888	40,465	3,580	3,093	267	107,638	29,468	80,739	1,890	451,820	198,561	163,839	39,999	854,219
2007	13,543	3,225	218,751	800	24,715	7,157	3,278	1,031	118,863	20,096	74,817	608	486,884	157,652	148,774	25,536	818,846
2008	9,901	3,669	271,816	411	23,773	5,490	2,931	1,169	123,405	16,678	67,960	467	527,669	155,663	160,218	29,563	873,113
2009	10,572	3,253	195,302	2,649	21,357	5,741	4,133	614	59,479	15,618	76,931	597	396,248	185,294	96,709	33,514	711,765
2010	17,553	2,688	225,407	450	13,821	3,335	3,384	530	61,248	22,258	60,354	486	411,513	132,492	129,962	39,782	713,748
2011	10,778	2,524	169,831	1,460	31,088	3,014	3,979	171	73,015	24,730	87,347	546	408,483	165,716	136,779	44,367	755,345
2012	11,396	5,953	193,750	300	24,456	3,360	3,123	923	58,910	30,249	76,180	874	409,474	202,934	137,133	23,837	773,378
2013	11,029	7,490	152,570	3,281	21,466	4,081	2,452	1,927	43,479	17,370	61,670	369	327,186	178,153	95,602	34,947	635,888
2014	8,973	3,108	161,503	719	17,150	4,995	1,059	695	51,663	23,553	75,654	679	349,752	135,894	84,575	39,094	609,315
2015	3,617	3,074	221,098	1,184	13,086	5,728	2,119	364	36,340	20,025	88,394	912	395,943	101,509	63,988	29,869	591,309
2016	8,403	2,148	158,728	2,798	22,164	7,052	3,173	374	49,131	31,219	60,175	719	346,085	126,242	91,897	55,342	619,567
2017	6,528	2,795	185,497	4,341	27,269	8,463	3,148	NA	95,886	26,285	42,407	1,301	403,920	152,207	108,267	26,442	690,836
2018	9,811	2,659	157,411	3,734	20,908	9,368	4,004	643	55,920	14,888	60,536	858	340,742	114,926	65,348	51,136	572,152
2019	5,625	1,737	141,277	1,419	17,816	5,881	3,099	550	62,079	21,426	65,418	857	327,185	117,376	69,814	19,483	533,859
2020	5,696	1,200	196,831	497	22,129	16,841	2,165	920	55,175	28,702	75,251	681	406,087	153,898	72,343	22,122	654,449
2021	4,424	2,107	141,369	658	20,178	3,510	4,559	646	78,223	20,799	88,223	362	365,058	121,078	82,283	28,797	597,217
2022	7,902	2,506	112,827	1,788	15,461	3,808	4,079	359	54,742	7,591	74,494	664	286,221	128,886	64,724	14,263	494,094
2023	13,206	4,332	125,730	3,205	16,000	9,484	2,564	235	63,948	19,324	114,808	1,243	374,080	237,976	109,116	32,408	753,580
2024	9,606	5,560	156,546	4,926	17,307	9,678	2,399	NA	48,730	33,284	87,616	555	376,206	201,816	120,058	35,880	733,961

Time series statistics

Parameter	Estimate	SE	L95%CI	U95%CI
1-year index	376,206
3-year indexa	345,502
LTA	347,892	11,942	324,486	371,298
% change from LTA	8
a 2022, 2023, 2024

Figure 13: American wigeon harvest in the Pacific Flyway. The blue line is a smoothed (Loess model) line with 95% confidence interval (shaded area) fit to the annual estimates. The red line is a moving 3-year average and the black dashed line is the long-term average. Estimates during 1961-1998 are from MQS and 1999-present are from HIP and not directly comparable. Estimates from the two survey types are separated by a red vertical line.

Figure 14: American wigeon harvest during the recent 5-year period (average annual) by State in the Pacific Flyway.

Figure 15: American wigeon harvest during the recent 5-year period (average annual) by State in the Pacific Flyway. Values are proportion of total Pacific Flyway harvest.

Data Table 6: Teal, American Green-winged

Table 6. American green-winged teal harvest by season at the State, Flyway, and US scales, 1961-2024.

Season	AK	AZ	CA	CO	ID	MT	NV	NM	OR	UT	WA	WY	PF	CF	MF	AF	US
1961	NA	3,572	153,324	NA	14,331	1,035	3,931	NA	19,625	22,062	38,710	NA	256,590	104,144	137,416	49,927	548,076
1962	NA	5,317	145,056	373	8,977	741	4,994	71	26,078	13,694	38,384	226	243,910	48,302	72,090	45,135	409,437
1963	NA	8,279	242,448	718	11,129	2,591	9,485	1,010	29,675	32,433	48,006	307	386,080	119,534	169,848	59,361	734,823
1964	NA	10,716	214,611	861	9,197	1,512	10,907	517	23,590	15,385	50,132	136	337,564	175,855	286,125	82,192	881,737
1965	NA	5,861	216,155	839	8,394	4,649	12,720	811	32,462	37,273	44,068	570	363,803	168,250	233,093	68,511	833,657
1966	8,424	10,750	267,100	1,339	10,383	7,159	11,499	757	31,078	46,697	48,075	203	443,465	262,289	376,904	83,397	1,166,055
1967	14,399	13,876	363,083	1,474	22,849	4,993	15,495	673	38,719	35,448	59,788	209	571,005	320,129	503,872	94,296	1,489,302
1968	12,558	13,232	262,448	1,293	11,598	6,039	23,438	436	47,202	68,490	57,681	621	505,034	157,500	298,300	129,092	1,089,926
1969	7,240	17,490	332,207	308	18,854	9,780	17,756	258	43,767	51,334	57,765	1,158	557,916	330,914	389,101	160,478	1,438,408
1970	7,629	11,278	361,333	1,426	10,718	12,085	11,605	1,180	53,034	33,837	61,764	701	566,590	425,308	593,254	178,646	1,763,798
1971	7,511	19,220	295,901	3,606	11,463	8,478	15,970	590	39,107	57,404	42,727	573	502,550	299,275	336,458	150,433	1,288,716
1972	13,753	24,991	332,640	1,993	15,403	9,949	17,561	2,499	46,676	35,640	55,100	429	556,634	365,570	341,993	119,793	1,383,990
1973	11,377	10,393	245,240	655	11,216	5,139	16,943	1,419	37,556	52,604	43,104	370	436,016	305,316	352,632	109,504	1,203,467
1974	8,287	14,103	319,603	2,036	18,948	6,777	10,719	1,116	17,503	46,585	37,590	797	484,065	266,564	344,126	139,557	1,234,312
1975	8,900	18,737	344,732	2,035	19,401	10,457	23,370	1,025	62,600	66,522	66,842	453	625,074	549,588	651,310	122,404	1,948,376
1976	14,990	18,757	402,971	2,286	19,433	12,607	25,067	880	71,469	65,054	86,885	2,249	722,647	479,004	604,042	139,363	1,945,056
1977	17,014	19,286	306,348	5,074	23,488	9,497	19,585	392	50,387	43,558	85,315	993	580,937	469,279	694,277	119,900	1,864,393
1978	18,220	15,862	405,087	5,081	26,012	7,835	18,969	1,049	77,900	62,687	78,555	2,322	719,580	457,131	662,368	157,536	1,996,616
1979	18,190	16,172	291,962	3,748	16,696	10,149	11,761	621	50,539	36,362	59,700	1,547	517,447	473,481	579,250	126,473	1,696,650
1980	14,154	15,170	259,071	1,465	16,119	7,885	12,253	224	67,917	45,510	71,344	809	511,920	298,173	529,345	134,360	1,473,798
1981	11,014	9,272	211,784	2,292	19,759	10,334	11,005	812	44,329	34,646	57,299	776	413,322	299,561	444,601	122,838	1,280,322
1982	12,804	10,779	266,530	2,646	12,761	6,125	11,111	199	29,652	54,638	51,347	949	459,542	339,476	382,303	93,443	1,274,764
1983	12,808	12,794	203,716	2,452	14,593	6,307	13,456	368	39,510	37,478	63,880	1,399	408,760	294,540	490,966	88,716	1,282,983
1984	16,670	5,903	178,208	1,587	10,713	5,492	14,129	215	41,264	22,285	51,994	978	349,438	321,409	494,393	104,871	1,270,111
1985	11,350	12,429	180,742	897	11,807	3,408	9,086	633	50,658	30,763	45,212	831	357,815	233,007	331,607	111,848	1,034,277
1986	13,550	12,384	176,807	2,660	15,712	7,460	10,167	481	34,014	31,861	31,256	2,223	338,574	235,793	341,919	123,455	1,039,741
1987	11,920	17,821	214,129	2,031	11,074	4,057	12,080	1,114	27,355	14,142	37,217	651	353,591	340,826	459,661	92,275	1,246,353
1988	11,298	8,782	122,849	1,065	10,362	1,352	8,720	481	29,640	11,024	33,006	2,177	240,757	131,346	204,313	71,157	647,573
1989	9,099	7,427	185,024	3,016	7,163	3,112	7,233	152	28,148	17,514	26,386	1,189	295,463	187,160	326,262	112,690	921,575
1990	9,132	7,228	149,869	2,214	6,853	1,295	6,940	32	32,708	19,411	29,543	483	265,707	158,769	285,739	106,648	816,864
1991	10,288	4,561	169,709	961	7,872	2,593	3,112	205	26,423	19,637	24,704	496	270,562	94,118	228,826	72,331	665,836
1992	8,850	5,198	183,856	1,304	5,921	2,057	5,811	286	20,770	17,970	22,107	540	274,670	132,684	267,613	55,954	730,922
1993	6,374	3,047	219,235	1,479	10,444	1,848	5,517	430	32,627	38,691	21,447	250	341,390	153,140	236,486	64,918	795,934
1994	7,291	6,580	183,041	1,998	7,773	2,021	9,676	716	22,255	35,112	28,230	447	305,141	212,208	351,432	79,300	948,081
1995	9,484	4,616	290,020	2,911	11,309	2,189	16,080	1,207	33,451	46,426	33,505	985	452,183	265,589	622,220	172,111	1,512,103
1996	9,432	6,381	304,951	3,876	15,469	3,717	7,532	654	43,346	55,634	34,651	905	486,547	242,858	557,801	95,714	1,382,920
1997	14,448	5,799	309,741	2,307	18,274	2,719	18,930	279	47,005	83,611	40,076	1,221	544,410	345,313	803,390	162,183	1,855,296
1998	6,786	9,004	350,029	4,572	20,552	6,417	15,993	277	45,204	72,150	49,675	907	581,566	456,395	1,066,146	240,859	2,344,967
1999	13,375	11,925	285,180	1,872	18,579	2,411	27,289	458	45,751	66,181	55,293	1,393	529,706	351,531	908,239	241,552	2,031,028
2000	10,239	7,779	192,079	2,240	14,393	3,255	15,556	369	55,111	53,818	63,161	325	418,324	350,588	691,501	190,783	1,651,197
2001	10,287	9,101	203,886	566	8,292	2,563	10,395	462	30,012	31,018	27,694	530	334,806	329,597	588,076	149,094	1,401,573
2002	7,500	5,958	203,453	1,034	11,070	5,376	5,948	1,380	41,513	32,174	31,720	348	347,474	302,838	536,469	158,560	1,345,341
2003	9,632	7,884	218,097	2,558	15,248	2,362	7,425	516	37,689	38,980	28,085	148	368,625	285,370	698,563	137,155	1,489,713
2004	7,994	4,871	348,748	1,506	14,485	4,607	5,743	97	41,155	28,825	29,113	95	487,240	273,326	498,019	114,969	1,373,555
2005	10,631	10,777	297,573	2,215	17,867	4,621	10,265	445	61,091	51,836	40,993	653	508,967	356,990	513,850	120,672	1,500,479
2006	7,974	12,637	331,324	2,824	16,712	3,746	8,778	213	79,114	59,454	39,339	540	562,655	281,833	659,628	154,612	1,658,727
2007	8,457	10,050	402,972	2,401	13,495	4,484	8,742	1,031	96,743	39,649	41,842	1,216	631,082	370,893	792,182	157,037	1,951,194
2008	9,396	4,480	468,550	548	13,112	3,333	4,104	767	101,452	33,160	35,584	324	674,810	320,899	852,849	148,908	1,997,465
2009	7,766	5,300	387,457	976	13,266	3,900	7,988	519	49,322	29,430	32,111	1,045	539,080	264,127	755,233	135,634	1,694,073
2010	8,928	5,726	394,940	1,079	10,791	5,199	6,248	NA	56,572	28,531	30,339	833	549,187	261,593	1,052,784	148,482	2,012,046
2011	3,655	6,004	311,978	1,946	11,991	3,836	6,170	NA	55,207	48,961	57,395	667	507,811	327,618	1,001,902	112,102	1,949,433
2012	7,489	9,053	371,171	799	12,075	6,160	9,370	NA	48,852	38,111	55,355	1,457	559,893	412,550	932,461	124,683	2,029,587
2013	8,152	15,351	258,838	2,625	16,973	4,321	7,621	80	34,651	38,958	30,208	185	417,964	331,873	848,357	113,113	1,711,307
2014	5,840	4,473	240,591	575	10,237	7,734	4,104	386	40,713	30,193	34,817	1,212	380,876	343,931	911,663	115,303	1,751,773
2015	3,292	4,611	327,484	1,184	8,270	5,569	3,467	NA	29,171	33,338	34,636	995	452,018	220,843	529,417	89,342	1,291,621
2016	3,268	5,535	381,864	311	22,021	5,609	3,635	53	51,753	12,670	51,847	791	539,357	296,279	627,605	115,934	1,579,175
2017	5,223	2,032	356,700	1,013	13,038	3,435	4,359	NA	70,334	51,594	30,583	479	538,790	368,595	717,625	101,247	1,726,257
2018	5,191	1,917	316,959	156	17,295	6,826	6,822	241	52,764	26,278	43,920	920	479,287	264,585	452,685	103,792	1,300,349
2019	5,703	4,530	288,875	710	10,444	3,891	8,550	1,420	42,311	23,823	37,452	539	428,247	247,674	435,290	58,893	1,170,105
2020	5,402	2,892	294,864	1,655	13,195	12,333	10,068	434	46,222	41,944	46,208	733	475,949	366,804	475,539	101,571	1,419,863
2021	6,735	3,290	291,968	1,316	8,408	2,306	10,526	378	59,434	25,338	41,459	362	451,520	324,000	563,327	107,755	1,446,602
2022	5,268	3,866	181,077	569	11,175	4,309	7,938	239	41,645	20,958	44,294	854	322,193	349,850	555,419	123,658	1,351,121
2023	9,448	11,706	305,373	2,219	10,947	10,907	5,503	176	44,333	71,011	58,903	1,243	531,768	854,492	1,088,286	265,405	2,739,952
2024	7,037	6,486	332,993	547	25,961	12,443	6,636	NA	55,334	49,488	37,449	926	535,300	575,061	946,411	337,945	2,394,717

Time series statistics

Parameter	Estimate	SE	L95%CI	U95%CI
1-year index	535,300
3-year indexa	463,087
LTA	455,014	14,760	426,084	483,945
% change from LTA	18
a 2022, 2023, 2024

Figure 16: American green-winged teal harvest in the Pacific Flyway. The blue line is a smoothed (Loess model) line with 95% confidence interval (shaded area) fit to the annual estimates. The red line is a moving 3-year average and the black dashed line is the long-term average. Estimates during 1961-1998 are from MQS and 1999-present are from HIP and not directly comparable. Estimates from the two survey types are separated by a red vertical line.

Figure 17: American green-winged teal harvest during the recent 5-year period (average annual) by State in the Pacific Flyway.